SAQ 5: Nephrology

45 year old male is brought is with pain abdomen. His urine dipstick suggests 3+ RBCs. His vitals at triage are BP 110/80 mm Hg, pulse = 98/min, SpO2 of 97% on room air.

11)      What are the causes of hematuria other than renal calculi or tumor? (2 points)

22)      N2O:O2 mixture is contraindicated in what conditions? (2 Points)

33)      What are the indications of admission for renal colic? (2 Points)

44)      Define AKI? Give possible causes? (4 points)